Page 22 - NO.155銀行家雜誌

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Cover Story

「地理位置」進行任何言論「審查」。很多 而登上媒體頭條。該法庭去年裁定，美國證
人認為，禁止「地理位置」的審查，違反了 券交易委員會過去100年來採用的主要行政執
長期以來的商業自由，且可能會讓社群媒體 行程序違憲，這讓證交會只好在德州、路易
公司完全撤出德州。而法律條文把管轄範圍 斯安那州、密西西比州採用別的執行程序，
寫得很廣，就連維基百科可能都會違法。最 耗費更多時間。

近《大西洋》（T h e A t l a n t i c）甚至有一篇 由於目前有兩個巡迴法院，在詮釋德州
文章質疑，「所以網際網路的末日要來了 法律時產生了差異，最高法院可能會在某天
嗎？」該法律引發好幾種不同解釋，在某些 插手干預，決定美國網路的未來。
詮釋下，它禁止大型網路平台管理上面的社
群，但這樣一來，平台就無法在顧客心中營 下一個就要燒到金融界？
造形象和價值。
聯邦第五巡迴法庭（5th Circuit Court of 說到文化戰爭，人們很容易以為只是
Appeals）不但支持德州的法律，而且在那之 意識型態的對立，但這種詮釋會遇到很多問
前就已經因為挑戰《聯邦法》的既定詮釋， 題。目前的對立，其實有很多地方都跟150

would have prohibited internet service providers “censorship” on the grounds of “viewpoints,” as
(ISP) from discriminating among network traffic on well as geographic location. The latter restriction
the basis of speech. The politics surrounding this is attracting much attention, as it could prevent

decision were unusual, as a sizable minority of social media companies from leaving the Texas
Trump’s supporters had assumed he would take the market altogether, in contravention of longstanding
opposite position. principles of free commerce. The law is written so
Social media has come into the spotlight broadly that it could even make Wikipedia illegal.
since the Capitol riot. Here, however, conservatives “Is this the beginning of the end of the Internet?”
have taken the opposite position on corporate asked a recent article in The Atlantic. Depending
speech: platforms act more as public utilities than on the interpretation, implementation of the law
newspapers, or even than the ISPs that facilitate would make it impossible for large platforms to

their services. Florida and Texas, both controlled curate their own communities, a key element of their
by Republican legislatures, have both passed laws value proposition.
preventing social media platforms from moderating Before upholding the Texas law, the 5th Circuit
content. The Florida law has been struck down by a Court of Appeals had already generated headlines
regional court on First Amendment grounds. for challenging longstanding interpretations of federal
The Texas law, however, is more far- law. Last year, it ruled that the main administrative
reaching, and has been upheld so far. It prohibits enforcement method the Securities and Exchange

22 台灣銀行家2022.11月號

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