Page 19 - NO.155銀行家雜誌

社群媒體的黑暗時代 為只要滑滑手機就可以進行非法交易。但在
此同時，希望規範網路言論的場域，對抗也
「整體說來，14和15世紀的戰爭面貌發 越趨激烈。
生改變，加劇了國家的財政危機。國家必須 這些新世態如果能夠進入平衡，社會將
掌握大量財政資源，快速徵得現代化軍隊， 更加信任公共治理。如果公民監督政府與企

而傳統封建領主顯然無法滿足這種條件。結 業的能力（前者像是「黑人的命也是命」運
果就出現了一連串幾乎難以想像的政治動 動，後者像是#metoo運動），能夠抗衡政府
盪、國家合併、恐怖統治、謀殺、內憂外 與企業的監控能力，社會將更加穩定。但現
患、各種陰謀私通……民族國家藉由通婚、 實世界並沒有進入平衡，最明顯的證據就是
併購、背叛、詭計、軍事征服等等手段，取 新科技造成的各種亂象，以及美國政治圈的
代了封建貴族成為權力中心。」 各種「文化戰爭」。
當代的資訊科技也產生了類似效果。敘
事是政治活動的核心之一，而資訊科技讓敘 推特的政治影響力
事變得很容易傳播，這讓世界開始全球化，

也讓美國變得全國化。如今已經沒有人繼續 科技業的特色之一，就是它規模很大，
使用地方新聞、宗教組織那些老方法來傳播 大到具備各種常見的政治影響力。在這個時
敘事；街頭幫派也越來越少直接搶地盤，因 代，明明美國的鐵鏽帶製造業依然低迷，聯

intrigue...Whether by marriage, purchase, perfidy, by the power to regulate social media platforms.
intrigue or military conquest, the nation-state In equilibrium, these changes can be
replaced the feudal barony as the seat of coercive positive, leading to higher expectations on public
power by the end of the period.” governance. The increased surveillance ability of
Today, information technology has done the government and corporations is balanced by an
something similar for an essential feature of politics: increased monitoring ability by citizens themselves
narratives. Narratives can now scale much more to monitor the government (leading to Black Lives
smoothly than in the past, which has led to an era Matter), or corporations (#metoo). We are however
of globalization and, within the US, nationalization. far from equilibrium, and the disruption from such

Older methods by which narratives were traditionally technological changes forms as good an explanation
disseminated, such as local news and organized as any of the ‘culture wars’ in US politics.
religion, have fallen by the wayside. Turf warfare
by street gangs has fallen, as illicit commerce can Twitter emerges as a political player
now be facilitated by mobile phones; yet it has
correspondingly increased in formal politics, driven The first important fact to understand about

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